2012年货运代理考试英语第八章辅导讲义

　一、 General concept of Marine Bills of Lading 海运提单的一般概念 (考试重点) 
　　1-1 课文：Marine Bills of lading are used primarily in international sales of goods where the carriage of goods is by sea. 
　　注释：marine bills of lading: 海运提单 primarily: 首先，起初，主要地 international sales of goods:　国际货物的销售 carriage: 运输 
　　课文意思：海运提单主要用于国际货物销售的海上运输中。 
　　1-2 课文：Definitions of the Bill of Lading vary from country to country. Broadly, the bill of lading has been defined as receipt for goods shipped on board a ship, signed by the person (or his agent) contracts to carry them, and stating the terms on which the goods were delivered to and received by the ship.(海运提单的定义，掌握) 
　　注释：definition: 定义 vary from: 不同 broadly: 宽广地，广泛, 总体而言　on board: 在船上 stating: 陈述，申明 
　　课文意思：每个国家对于提单的定义各有不同。总体而言，提单是货物装船的收据;它由达成货物运输协议的承运人签字，上有货物送到船上及被船方接收的条款。 
　　1-3 课文：It is not the actual contract, but forms excellent evidence of the terms of the contract. 
　　注释：actual:　实际的，真实的　excellent: 极好的，卓越的 evidence: 证据，凭证 
　　课文意思：提单不是实际的合同，但却构成据以履行合同条款极好的保证。 
　　我国《海商法》对提单的定义：提单，是指用以证明海上货物运输合同和货物已经由承运人接收或者装船，以及承运人保证据以交付货物的单证。提单中载明的向记名人交付货物，或者按照指示人的指示交付货物，或者向提单持有人交付货物的条款，构成承运人据以交付货物的保证。 
　　二、Functions of the Marine Bills of Lading 海运提单的作用 
　　海洋提单的三个作用(考试重点) 
　　1.Receipt for the goods shipped 货物装船的收据 
　　课文：A bill of lading is a receipt issued by a carrier that an identifiable consignment of goods has been received by him for shipment, or actually loaded on board his ship. 
　　注释：receipt: 收据 issue: 签发 carrier: 承运人 identifiable:　可以确认的　consignment: (货物的)交托，交货，发货，运送 
　　课文意思： 提单是由承运人签发的有关承运人已接管提单所明确记载的货物或将货物装船的证明。 
　　课文:The bill of lading as a receipt will show the quantity and condition of the cargo loaded, ship’s name, port of loading, the destination, details of date and so on. 
　　注释：condition: 条件，环境 ，情形 destination: 目的地 details:　详细资料　and so on:　等等 
　　课文意思：提单作为收据将会列明所装载货物的数量和情况，船舶的名称，装运港，目的地，以及详细的日期等等。 
　　2.Document of title to the goods. 货物的物权凭证 
　　课文：A bill of lading is a document of title to the goods. The possession of a bill of lading is equivalent in law to possession of the goods. 
　　注释：document of title:　物权凭证　possession：所有，所有权，持有，占有 equivalent:　相等的，相当的，同意义的 
　　课文意思：提单是货物的物权凭证。持有提单在法律上等同于持有货物。 
　　课文：The holder of the bill of lading is able to obtain delivery of the goods at the port of destination and during transit the goods can be sold merely by endorsing the bill of lading. 
　　注释：holder: 持有者，所有者 be able to: 能够 obtain:　获得，得到　port of destination：目的港 transit:　运输，运送　merely:　仅仅，只不过　endorse:　背书，在(票据)背面签名，认可 
　　课文意思：提单的持有者可以在目的港提取货物并且在货物的运输期间可以仅仅通过背书提单将货物卖掉。 
　　3.Evidence of contract 合同的证明 
　　课文：Additionally, the terms of the bill of lading provide evidence of the contract of carriage between the carrier and the shipper. The terms of the bill of lading contain the terms of the contract. 
　　注释：additionally:　另外，加之，又　term: 条款 provide:　提供，规定　evidence:　证据，证明 
　　课文意思：另外，提单的条款也为承运人与托运人之间运输合同提供了证明。提单的条款包含了合同中的条款。