商业发票的审核
(一)商业发票的审核要点
(1)确保商业发票的的签发人是信用证的受益人。
Ensure that the drawer of the commercial invoice is the beneficiary of the letter of credit.
(2)除非信用证另有规定,确保发票的抬头为信用证的申请人。
Unless there are other prescriptions stated in the letter of credit,ensure that the applicant is indicated as the invoiced party.
(3)商品的描述必须完全符合信用证的要求。
Ensure that the description of the goods must correspond with the merchandise description in the letter of credit.
(4)不能冠名为“形式发票”或“临时发票”。
It shouldn’t be titled as “Proforma”or“Provisional”invoice.
(5)确保没有将会对货物状况或价值引起怀疑的任何附加的、不利的对货物的描述。
Ensure that no additional or unfavorable description of goods,which may question their condition or value,is stated.
(6)未被信用证准许时,银行不接受发票上对货物是“用过的”“旧的”“重新改造的”“修整”的批注。
Banks will not accept the notation in the invoice that the goods are“used” “secondhand”“rebuilt”“reconditioned”when not authorised by the letter of credit.
(7)信用证中提及的货物、价格和条款等细节必须包含在发票中。
The details of the goods、prices and terms as mentioned in the letter of credit must be contained in the invoice.
(8)确保发票上提供的其他资料,如唛头、号码、运输资料等与其他单据相一致。
Ensure that any other information supplied in the invoice,such as marks,numbers,transportation information etc.is consistent with that of the other documents.
(9)确保发票上的货币与信用证货币相一致。
Ensure that the currency of the invoice is consistent with that of the letter of credit.
(10)发票的金额不得超出信用证的金额。
The value of the invoice should not exceed the available balance of the letter of credit.
(11)发票的金额必须与汇票金额相一致。
That the value of the invoice must be consistent with that of the draft.
(12)如不允许分批装运,确保发票必须包括信用证要求的整批装运货物价值。
Ensure that the invoice should contain the complete shipment as required by the credit if partial shipments are prohibited.
(13)确保信用证要求,发票已被签字、公证人证实、合法化、证明等。
Ensure that the requirement of the letter of credit is fulfilled,including the signing of the invoice、the notarization、legalization and certification of the invoice.
(14)提交正确的正本和副本份数。
That the correct number of original(s) and copy(ies)is presented.
(二)商业发票的常见不符点
(1)发票名称不符合信用证规定。
(2)发票的开立人不是信用证的受益人。
(3)发票的抬头人与信用证要求不符。
(4)进口商名称与信用证上的开证申请人不同。
(5)货物数量、发票金额及单价与信用证不一致或不在信用证允许的增减幅度之内。
(6)发票对货物的描述与信用证中的货物描述不相符。
(7)发票上的装运港或目的港与提单不一致。
(8)发票上的贸易术语与信用证不一致。
(9)发票上的佣金或折扣与信用证或合同的规定不相一致。
(10)遗漏信用证要求、表明和证明的内容,或缮制发票时照抄照搬来证中的证明词。
(11)货物包装,注有“用过”“旧货”“重新装配”等字样。
(12)发票未按信用证规定签名盖章。
二、汇票的审核
(一)汇票的审核要点
(1)确保汇票有正确的信用证参考号。
Ensure that the draft bears the correct documentary credit reference number.
(2)确保汇票有当前的日期。
Ensure that the draft has a current date.
(3)汇票的出票人签字和/或名称应与受益人的名称一致。
That the signature and/or the name of the drawer should correspond with the name of the beneficiary.
(4)确保汇票作成正确的付款人,不应以申请人作为汇票付款人。
Ensure that the draft is drawn on the correct drawn,it should not be drawn on the applicant.
(5)汇票上金额的大、小写必须一致。
That the amount in figures and words spelling must correspond with each other.
(6)付款期限要符合信用证或合同(非信用证付款条件下)规定。
That the tenor should be based on the letter of credit or the contract (if not L/C).
(7)汇票金额不得超出信用证金额。
That the amount drawn for should not exceed the balance available in the documentary credit.
(8)汇票金额应与发票金额相符。
That the value of the draft must be consistent with the value of the invoice.
(9)确保收款人的名称已被验明。
Ensure that the name of the payee is identified.
(10)确保已按需要正确地背书。
Ensure that the endorsement is proper when required.
(11)没有限制性背书。
There is no restrictive endorsements.
(12)确保它包含信用证要求所必需的条款。
Ensure that it covers any necessary clauses as required by the letter of credit.
(13)除非信用证授权,否则不开立“无追索权”的汇票。
The draft “without recourse” should not be drawn unless authorized by the letter of credit.
(二)汇票的常见不符点
(1)汇票的出票日期迟于有效期。
(2)汇票的金额大于信用证金额。
(3)汇票上的金额大、小写不一致或汇票大写金额不准确,大写金额最后漏填“ONLY”一词。
(4)货币名称与发票或信用证不一致。
(5)汇票的付款期限与信用证规定不符,或未明确付款日期。
(6)出票人未签字。
(7)汇票提交的份数不正确。
(8)未按规定列明“出票条款”。
(9)漏列或错列了信用证号码。
(10)汇票的内容被更改
三、运输单据的审核
(一)运输单据的审核要点
(1)确保提交全套的正本单据。
Make sure that the full set of originals issued is presented.
(2)除非信用证另有规定,确保它不是“租船合约”的运输单据。
Ensure that it is not a “charter party” transports documents,unless prescribed in the letter of credit.
(3)应符合《UCP 600》相关运输条款的一切其他条件。
Ensure that other conditions stipulated in the appropriate transport articles of 《UCP 600》are complied with.
(4)运输单据的收货人名称必须符合信用证的要求。
Ensure that the name of the consignee should comply with the requirement in the letter of credit.
(5)在运输单据需要背书时正确背书。
Ensure the appropriate endorsement of the transport documents when it is required.
(6)确保运输单据上载明托运人或其代理人的名称。
Ensure that the name of shipper or his agent is presented in the transport documents.
(7)确保当运输单据有通知人时,其名称、地址按信用证要求填写。
Ensure that the name and address,if any,of the notifying party of the transport documents is filled according to the requirement in the letter of credit.
(8)确保货物的描述与信用证上内容总体一致;如果出现唛头、数量以及其他规格,则必须与其在其他单据上的内容相一致。
Ensure that the description of the goods totally corresponds with the description of the goods as presented in the letter of credit,and that the marks and numbers as well as other specifications,if any ,must correspond with those stated on the other documents.
(9)运输单据上的“运费预付”或“运费到付”要与信用证内容相符。
That the term of “freight prepaid” or “freight collect” of the transport documents should be as required in the letter of credit.
(10)确保运输单据不出现使其成为“瑕疵”或“不清洁”的条款。
Ensure that there are no clauses on the transport documents that may render it “foul” or “unclean”.
(二)运输单据的常见不符点
(1)运输单据提交的种类与信用证规定不符。
(2)未提交全套有效的提单。
(3)托运人的名称与信用证不一致。
(4)收货人的名称与信用证不一致。收货人或提单的抬头人要按照信用证的规定,不
(5)被通知人的名称与信用证规定不符。
(6)未按信用证规定正确背书(如果需要的话)。
(7)提交了不清洁的单据。
(8)运输单据中所列货物的名称、包装、数量等信息与信用证的规定不符。
(9)未按信用证的规定证明运费已付或运费到付。
(10)未注明承运人的名称。
四、保险单据的审核
(一)保险单据的审核要点
(1)确保按照信用证规定提交保险单、保险凭证和保险声明书。
Ensure that the policy、certificate and declaration as required by the letter of credit is presented.
(2)提交全套正本保险单据。
That the full set of the insurance document issued is presented.
(3)确保保险单的签发人是保险公司、保险商或其代理人。
Ensure that the policy is issued and signed by the insurance company or underwriter or their agents.
(4)确保保险单的签发日期或保险责任生效日期最迟在已装船或已发运或接受监管之日。
Ensure that the date of issuance or date from which cover is effective at the latest from the date of loading on board or dispatch or taking in charge of the goods as the case may be.
(5)确保货物投保金额要符合信用证要求或符合《UCP 600》第28条f款规定。
Ensure that the value of the goods issued is as required by the credit or as defined in 《UCP 600》sub-article 28f.
(6)除非信用证另有要求,保险单据必须使用与信用证相同的货币表示。
That the currency issued in the insurance documents is as the same as that issued in the letter of credit,unless other requirement is presented.
(7)确保保险单据上的货物描述与发票上的描述相一致。
Ensure that the description of the goods is consistent with that stated in the invoice.
(8)承保的风险区间至少涵盖从信用证规定的货物接管地或发运地开始到卸货地或最终目的地为止。
That the insurance covers the area from the point of taking in charge of the merchandise or designated port of embarkation to port of discharge or the destination.
(9)已按信用证要求投保了规定的险别并有相应明确表示。
It covers the specified risks as stated in the credit and the risks are clearly defined.
(10)确保保险单据上对货物的描述与运输单据上内容相一致。
Ensure that the description of the goods of the insurance documents is generally consistent with that of the transport document.
(11)若被保险人的名称不是保兑行、开证行或进口商,则应进行相应的背书。
If the assured named is other than the confirming bank、issuing bank or the importer,it should bear the appropriate endorsement.
(12)保险单据上的所有其他资料与其他单据内容相符。
That all other information appearing in the insurance document should correspond with that of the other documents.
(13)如果单据内容有修改,应被适当地证实。
If any alteration is noted in the document,it should be properly authenticated.
(二)保险单据的常见不符点
(1)保险单的种类不符合信用证规定。
(2)不是由规定的保险公司或保险商出具。
(3)保险货币或金额与信用证规定不符。
(4)保险单上对货物的描述与信用证不符。
(5)保险金额大、小写不一致或大写金额不正确。
(6)起运港或卸货港与信用证规定不符。
(7)保险单的投保险别与信用证规定不符,如误把交货不到险当成偷窃,提货不着险。
(8)未提供全套保险单据。
(9)保险单未经背书或背书不正确。
(10)保险日期迟于提单日期。
五、其他单据的审核
(一)其他单据的审核要点
(二)其他单据的常见不符点
(1)所提交单据的种类不齐或份数不足。
(2)单据的名称与信用证要求不符。
(3)单据的出单日期与信用证或惯例不符。
(4)单据未按《UCP 600》要求由授权人签字或盖章,没有标有可以证实的符号等。
(5)单据的内容不够详尽。
(6)交单日期晚于信用证交单到期日,或晚于信用证规定的从装运日后必须提交单据的时间,或如无此时间规定,交单日期晚于装运日后21天,导致信用证逾期。
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